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@ -10,48 +10,27 @@
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\textbf{Lösung}:
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Stützstellen:
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Nutze Interpolationsformel von Lagrange:
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\[(a, f(a)) \text{ und } (b, f(b))\]
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\[p(x) = \sum_{i=0}^{1} f_i \cdot L_i(x)\]
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$\Rightarrow$ Polynom 1. Grades interpoliert diese \\
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$\Rightarrow$ Gerade $y = m \cdot x +t$ interpoliert
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Berechne Lagrangepolynome:
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\begin{align}
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f(a) &= a \cdot m + t\\
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f(b) &= b \cdot m + t\\
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\Leftrightarrow
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t &= f(a) - ma\\
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t &= f(b) - mb\\
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\Rightarrow
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f(a) - ma &= f(b) - mb\\
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\Leftrightarrow f(a) - f(b) &= ma - mb\\
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\stackrel{a \neq b}{\Leftrightarrow} m &= \frac{f(a) - f(b)}{a - b}\\
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\Rightarrow t &= f(a) - \frac{f(a) - f(b)}{a - b} \cdot a\\
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\Leftrightarrow t &= \frac{f(a) \cdot a - f(a) \cdot b - f(a) \cdot a - f(b) \cdot a}{a-b}\\
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\Leftrightarrow t &= \frac{- f(a) \cdot b - f(b) \cdot a}{a-b}\\
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\Leftrightarrow t &= \frac{f(a) \cdot b + f(b) \cdot a}{b-a}
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L_0(x) = \frac{x-b}{a-b} \\
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L_1(x) = \frac{x-a}{b-a}
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\end{align}
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Das Interpolationspolynom $p(x)$ lautet also
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So erhalten wir:
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\[ p(x) = \frac{f(a) - f(b)}{a - b} \cdot x + \frac{f(a) \cdot b + f(b) \cdot a}{b-a}\]
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\[p(x) = f(a) \frac{x-b}{a-b} + f(b) \frac{x-a}{b-a}\]
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Für Polynome ersten Grades benötigt man eine Quadraturformel vom Grad 2 (also NICHT die Rechteckregel).
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Nun integrieren wir das Interpolationspolynom:
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\paragraph{Lösung 1: Mittelpunktsregel}
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Die Mittelpunktsregel lautet
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\[\int_a^b f(x) dx \approx (b-a) f(a + \frac{1}{2}(b-a))\]
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Damit ergibt sich
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\[I(f) \approx (b-a) \underbrace{(\frac{f(a) - f(b)}{a - b} \cdot (a + \frac{1}{2}(b-a)) + \frac{f(a) \cdot b + f(b) \cdot a}{b-a})}_{p(a + \frac{1}{2}(b-a))}\]
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\paragraph{Lösung 2: Trapezregel}
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Die Trapezregel lautet
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\[\int_a^b f(x) dx \approx (b-a) \left (\frac{1}{2}f(a) + \frac{1}{2} f(b) \right )\]
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TODO: Mache das, wer will.
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\[ \int_a^b p(x)dx = \int_a^b f(a) \frac{x-b}{a-b}dx + \int_a^b f(b) \frac{x-a}{b-a}dx \]
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\[ = \int_a^b \frac{f(a) \cdot x}{a-b}dx - \int_a^b \frac{f(a) \cdot b}{a-b}dx + \int_a^b \frac{f(b) \cdot x}{b-a}dx - \int_a^b \frac{f(b) \cdot a}{b-a}dx \]
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\[ = \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{f(a) \cdot b^2}{a-b} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{f(a) \cdot a^2}{a-b} - \frac{f(a) \cdot b^2}{a-b} + \frac{f(a) \cdot b \cdot a}{a-b} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{f(b) \cdot b^2}{b-a} \]
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\[ - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{f(b) \cdot a^2}{b-a} - \frac{f(b) \cdot a \cdot b}{b-a} + \frac{f(b) \cdot a^2}{b-a}\]
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\subsection*{Teilaufgabe b)}
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Sei nun $f(x) = x^2$ und $a = 0$ sowie $b = 4$. Man soll die ermittelte
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@ -60,10 +39,5 @@ Formel zwei mal auf äquidistanten Intervallen anwenden.
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\textbf{Lösung:}
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\begin{align}
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\int_a^b f(x)\mathrm{d}x &=\int_a^{\frac{b-a}{2}} f(x) \mathrm{d}x + \int_{\frac{b-a}{2}}^b f(x) \mathrm{d}x\\
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\int_0^4 x^2 \mathrm{d}x &=\int_0^2 x^2 \mathrm{d}x + \int_2^4 x^2 \mathrm{d}x\\
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\int_0^2 x^2 \mathrm{d}x &\approx (2-0) (\frac{f(0) - f(2)}{0 - 2} \cdot (0 + \frac{1}{2}(2-0)) + \frac{f(0) \cdot 2 + f(2) \cdot 0}{2-0})\\
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&= 2 \cdot \frac{-4}{-2} = 2\\
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\int_2^4 x^2 \mathrm{d}x &\approx (4-2) (\frac{f(2) - f(4)}{2 - 4} \cdot (2 + \frac{1}{2}(4-2)) + \frac{f(2) \cdot 4 + f(4) \cdot 2}{4-2})\\
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&= \text{TODO}
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\int_0^4 p(x) dx = \int_0^2 p(x)dx + \int_2^4 p(x)dx = 24
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\end{align}
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