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    \Keywords{recognition\sep machine learning\sep neural networks\sep symbols\sep multilayer perceptron}
    \Title{On-line Recognition of Handwritten Mathematical Symbols}
    \Author{Martin Thoma, Kevin Kilgour, Sebastian St{\"u}ker and Alexander Waibel}
    \Org{Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics}
    \Doi{}
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\title{On-line Recognition of Handwritten Mathematical Symbols}
\author{Martin Thoma, Kevin Kilgour, Sebastian St{\"u}ker and Alexander Waibel}

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  pdfauthor   = {Martin Thoma\sep Kevin Kilgour\sep Sebastian St{\"u}ker\sep Alexander Waibel},
  pdfkeywords = {recognition\sep machine learning\sep neural networks\sep symbols\sep multilayer perceptron},
  pdfsubject  = {Recognition},
  pdftitle    = {On-line Recognition of Handwritten Mathematical Symbols},
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\begin{document}
\maketitle
\begin{abstract}
The automatic recognition of single handwritten symbols has three main
applications: Supporting users who know how a symbol looks like, but not what
its name is, providing the necessary commands for professional publishing, or
as a building block for formula recognition.

This paper presents a system which uses the pen trajectory to classify
handwritten symbols. Five preprocessing steps, one data multiplication
algorithm, five features and five variants for multilayer Perceptron training
were evaluated using $\num{166898}$ recordings. Those recordings were made
publicly available. The evaluation results of these 21~experiments were used to
create an optimized recognizer which has a top-1 error of less than
$\SI{17.5}{\percent}$ and a top-3 error of $\SI{4.0}{\percent}$. This is a
relative improvement of $\SI{18.5}{\percent}$ for the top-1 error and
$\SI{29.7}{\percent}$ for the top-3 error compared to the baseline system. This
improvement was achieved by \acrlong{SLP} and adding new features. The
improved classifier can be used via \href{http://write-math.com/}{write-math.com}.
\end{abstract}

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\input{ch5-optimization-of-system-design}
\input{ch6-summary}
\input{ch7-mfrdb-eval}


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