minimal example works now :-)

documents/biblatex-mwe/Makefile

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 SOURCE = biblatex-mwe
 make:
 	pdflatex -shell-escape $(SOURCE).tex -output-format=pdf
-	biber $(SOURCE).tex
+	biber $(SOURCE)
 	pdflatex -shell-escape $(SOURCE).tex -output-format=pdf
 	make clean
 

documents/biblatex-mwe/README.md

@@ -1,12 +1,3 @@
 Example was created by matth on [tex.stackexchange.com](http://tex.stackexchange.com/a/34136/5645).
 
-Currently, this does not work:
-
-```
-Output written on biblatex-mwe.pdf (1 page, 24234 bytes).
-Transcript written on biblatex-mwe.log.
-biber biblatex-mwe.tex
-data source /tmp/par-6d6f6f7365/cache-c0ce847d97518634a1d34dec94f97d899cf5032b/inc/lib/Biber/LaTeX/recode_data.xml not found in .
-INFO - This is Biber 1.5
-INFO - Logfile is 'biblatex-mwe.tex.blg'
-```
+A big example .bib-file is [online](http://sunsite.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/ftp/pub/mirror/ctan/macros/latex/contrib/biblatex/doc/examples/biblatex-examples.bib).

documents/biblatex-mwe/biblatex-examples.bib

@@ -1,7 +1,18 @@
-@BOOK
-  {KandR,
-   AUTHOR  = "Kernighan, Brian W. and Ritchie, Dennis M.",
-   TITLE   = "{The C Programming Language Second Edition}",
-   PUBLISHER = "Prentice-Hall, Inc.",
-   YEAR = 1988
-  }
+@string{ anch-ie = {Angew.~Chem. Int.~Ed.} }
+@string{ cup     = {Cambridge University Press} }
+@string{ dtv     = {Deutscher Taschenbuch-Verlag} }
+@string{ hup     = {Harvard University Press} }
+@string{ jams    = {J.~Amer. Math. Soc.} }
+@string{ jchph   = {J.~Chem. Phys.} }
+@string{ jomch   = {J.~Organomet. Chem.} }
+@string{ pup     = {Princeton University Press} }
+
+@BOOK{Silberschatz2005,
+	AUTHOR = {Silberschatz, Abraham AND Galvin, Peter Baer AND Gagne, Greg},
+	YEAR = {2005},
+	TITLE = {Operating System Concepts},
+	EDITION = {7. Auflage},
+	ISBN = {978-0-471-69466-3},
+	PUBLISHER = {John Wiley \& Sons},
+	ADDRESS = {New York},
+}

documents/biblatex-mwe/biblatex-mwe.tex

@@ -18,9 +18,11 @@
     colorlinks=true,
 }
 
-%% ##############################
 \begin{document}
-    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet~\citep{KandR}.
-    At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum~\citet{KandR}.
+    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet~\citep{Silberschatz2005}.
+    At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum~\citet{Silberschatz2005}.
+    Bli Bla Blup \cite{Silberschatz2005}
+
+    \clearpage
     \printbibliography 
 \end{document}