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another bachelor proposal
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SOURCE = bachelor-proposal-latex-writing-recognition
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make:
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pdflatex $(SOURCE).tex -output-format=pdf
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bibtex $(SOURCE)
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pdflatex $(SOURCE).tex -output-format=pdf # Referenzen einbinden
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pdflatex $(SOURCE).tex -output-format=pdf # Referenzen einbinden
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make clean
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clean:
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rm -rf $(TARGET) *.class *.html *.log *.aux *.out *.bcf *.bbl *.blg
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\documentclass[a4paper]{scrartcl}
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\usepackage{amssymb, amsmath} % needed for math
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\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} % this is needed for umlauts
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\usepackage[english]{babel} % this is needed for umlauts
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\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % this is needed for correct output of umlauts in pdf
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\usepackage[margin=2.5cm]{geometry} %layout
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\usepackage{hyperref} % links im text
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\usepackage{color}
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\usepackage{framed}
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\usepackage{enumerate} % for advanced numbering of lists
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\usepackage{csquotes}
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\usepackage{ifxetex,ifluatex}
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\usepackage{etoolbox}
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\usepackage[svgnames]{xcolor}
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\usepackage{tikz}
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\usepackage{framed}
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\usepackage{parskip}
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\usepackage{cite}
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\usepackage{fancyref}
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\usepackage{mystyle}
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\clubpenalty = 10000 % Schusterjungen verhindern
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\widowpenalty = 10000 % Hurenkinder verhindern
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\hypersetup{
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pdfauthor = {Martin Thoma},
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pdfkeywords = {Bachelor proposal, LaTeX, handwriting recognition},
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pdftitle = {Proposal for a Bachelor of Science Thesis:\\Interactive on-line handwriting recognition of mathematical formulae}
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}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{document}
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\title{Proposal for a Bachelor of Science Thesis:\\Interactive on-line handwriting recognition of mathematical formulae}
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\author{Martin Thoma}
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\maketitle
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\section{The problem backgound}
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There are people who don't know how to write even
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simple mathematical formulae with \LaTeX{} like
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\[\pi/\alpha=\sum_{n=-\infty}^\infty \frac{\sin^2 (c+n)\alpha}{(c+n)^2}=\int_{-\infty}^\infty \frac{\sin^2 (c+n)\alpha}{(c+n)^2}\, \text{d}n\]
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or who need much time to do so. Currently, there are several online
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services, programms and apps that help to write mathematical
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formulae, but all programms I know have serious disadvantages:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item \href{http://detexify.kirelabs.org/classify.html}{detexify.kirelabs.org}
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recognizes \textbf{only symbols},
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\item the formel editor of LibreOffice Writer 3.6 as showen
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in \Fref{fig:libre-office-3.6} offers some
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guidiance by grouping common operations while showing
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a WYSIWYG editor, but it has \textbf{no handwriting recognition}.
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Another drawback is the fact that it is \textbf{not available
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as an online service}, so you have to install LibreOffice
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which might not be possible on all devices.
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\item The \enquote{Daum Equation Editor} (see \Fref{fig:daum-editor}) is available online
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and offers guidiance through the creation of equations,
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but does not offer handwriting recognition. Although
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it might be OpenSource, the \textbf{source code is difficult to
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find}. This means if you want to improve the recognition,
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it is not possible. It also makes use of Adobe Flash
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which is not available on many smartphones and tablet
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computers.
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\item Maple seems to offer handwritten symbol recognition (\href{http://www.maplesoft.com/products/maple/features/handwritten.aspx}{source}),
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but on the one hand I was not able to test that, because
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it is \textbf{not available for free}. On the other hand you
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have to install additional software, it seems not to be
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available for tablet computers and it does only recognize
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single symbols.
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\item Wolfram Mathematica seems to be able to do complete
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formula recognition at least for simple formulae (\href{http://reference.wolfram.com/mathematica/tutorial/HandwrittenMathRecognition.html}{source})
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by using Microsofts \href{http://windows.microsoft.com/en-ph/windows7/use-math-input-panel-to-write-and-correct-math-equations}{Math Input Panel},
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but this is neither OpenSource nor available as an
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online service. Additionally it is not
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available for Linux systems, so I can't test it.
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\end{itemize}
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A more comprehensive list can be found at \href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_editor}{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula\_editor}.
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A problem of some of the projects presented there is that they
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require the client to execute Java Applets which is a security
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risk.
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\centering
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\includegraphics*[width=5cm, keepaspectratio]{figures/libreoffice-writer.png}
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\caption{LibreOffice Writer 3.6 - Formel Editor}
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\label{fig:libre-office-3.6}
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\end{figure}
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\centering
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\includegraphics*[width=15cm, keepaspectratio]{figures/daum-editor.png}
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\caption{Daum Equation editor}
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\label{fig:daum-editor}
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\end{figure}
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\break
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\section{The problem statement}
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What I would like to have is an interactive on-line handwriting
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recognition service, that is available as a web service which makes
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use of touchscreens. Additionally, it should be for free and
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OpenSource, the source code should be easy to find and documented.
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This means:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item \textbf{Service}: The program can be accessed over the web, so
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that the user does only have to have a modern browser.
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As a consequence, the software could be used with any
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device that has a touch screen.
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\item \textbf{On-line handwriting recognition}: The service
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starts recognizing while the user enters a formula.
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\item \textbf{Interactive}: The service offers symbols and constructs
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to the user before the user starts typing. These suggestions
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might chage depending on what the user has typed before.
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\item \textbf{OpenSource}: Any license in this list: \href{http://opensource.org/licenses}{http://opensource.org/licenses}
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\item \textbf{Easy to find}: Ideally, the project should have
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an own domain that contains the source code, the service
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and documentation. But it might be enough to provide
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an email address to a developer within the top of
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of the source code of the delivered HTML document.
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\end{itemize}
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\section{Significance}
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For me as a Linux user, there no software that I can test and which
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offers on-line, interactive math handwriting recognition. But the
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need of such a software is there.
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But there are more reasons why this bachelor's thesis matters:
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Projects like \LaTeX{}, Linux, Apache or FireFox have shown that
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OpenSoure software can enrich the develpment in specific areas. The
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\enquote{Browser Wars} might be the most famous result of an active
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OpenSource community. Internet Explorer 6 had
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a market share of over 80\% in 2003. Prequels of Firefox and the Mozilla
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foundation already existed, but Firefox 1.0 was released not until
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November 2004. After that, Firefox and other open browsers added many
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features that Internet Explorer had to compete with, like tabbed browsing,
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HTML4 standard conformance, support of the \texttt{<canvas>} tag and
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speed of HTML rendering and JavaScript execution.\footnote{\href{http://www.evolutionoftheweb.com/}{www.evolutionoftheweb.com} offers a graphical overview. Although supporting standards like HTML4 or CSS~2 is not done with one version, but rather an incremental process.} Some of these
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questions are interesting for science such as many problems related
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to layouts and just-in-time compilation (JIT). With OpenSource software
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that makes it easy to find its source and offers good documentation,
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researchers can simply try their ideas without being blocked by
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having to try to access the source code.
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Additionally, such a project might give researchers more time to
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concentrate on the tasks they really want to do rather than spending
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hours by learning \LaTeX{}.
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\section{Time schedule}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item[70h] Literature research about on-line handwriting recognition
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techniques and gamification.
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\item[5h] Defining browsers and devices that should get supported
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and required client side software like HTML5, CSS 3
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and ECMAScript (better known as JavaScript). Also,
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required input methods like touchscreens and stylus
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should be mentioned.
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\item[20h] Writing use cases. This is includes writing example
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formula that the user shoud type and the system should
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be able to recognize; finding people with different
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knowledge of \LaTeX{} and from different fields who
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want to participate in user tests.
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\item[60h] Implementing the core of the application: Handwriting
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recognition of digits and symbols by using only
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HTML, CSS and on the client side. This includes implementing
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a way for the user to enter new symbols and to correct the
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symbol that was suggested by the recognition system.
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\item[20h] Introduce testers that already know \LaTeX{} to the
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current system. At this point, the system does only do
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symbol recognition. The testers should train it,
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insert symbols like $a-z, A-Z, 0-9, \alpha-\omega, A-\Omega, \cdot, \circ, \dots$
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\item[10h] Get feedback by the users. This feedback will not be included
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in the thesis, but the improvements will get documented.
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\item[60h] Finding structures and ways how to enter them. Examples
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of structures that can be nested are sums:
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\begin{verbatim}\sum_{<some structure>}^{<another strcuture>} <a third structure>\end{verbatim}
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Implement the recognition of those strucutres.
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\item[30h] Observe \enquote{fresh} testers while they try to use
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the system.
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\item[70h] Improving the software to fix problems that were found
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with user tests
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\item[50h] Fix bugs, improve code quality and readability as well
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as documentation.
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\item[45h] Usability testing: Try Hallway testing. The results
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of these tests get documented and will be part of the
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bachelor's thesis. If possible, I would like
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to let the testers use their own devices.
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\item[10h] Mentioning open questions and ideas how they could be
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analyzed with the service that was created.
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\end{itemize}
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\section{Outline}
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I have described in which steps I would like to write the software,
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but almost all points include writing the bachelor's thesis document.
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A first draft of the outline could be like this:
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item Introduction
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\item Definitions
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item Hardware: What is available and what is the distribution?
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\item Software: What is available and what is the distribution?
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\item Support of standards like HTML, CSS, ECMA-Script, Flash, Cookies, ...
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\item Choice of hardware, software and standards that should get supported as well as the choice of Libraries and the required server-side software
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\item Application to the domain of math recognition
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\end{enumerate}
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\item On-line handwriting techniques
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item Description of techniques in general
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\item Application to the domain of math recognition
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\end{enumerate}
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\item Gamification techniques
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item Description of techniques in general
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\item Application to the domain of math recognition in the web
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\end{enumerate}
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\item Software Project
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item Structure of the code
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\item Availability of documentation
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\item Availability of the service
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\end{enumerate}
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\item Summary
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item Future Work
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\end{enumerate}
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\end{enumerate}
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\break
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\renewcommand\refname{Related Literature}
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\nocite{*}
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\bibliographystyle{itmalpha}
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\bibliography{literatur}
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This literature list is only a list that seems to make sense to me
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by now. As I proceed I might find more usefull sources for the different
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topics. So I might add, but also remove elements from this list.
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Especially for gamification I might read documents from
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\href{http://gamification-research.org/}{gamification-research.org}.
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\end{document}
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documents/bachelor-proposal-latex-writing-recognition/itmalpha.bst
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documents/bachelor-proposal-latex-writing-recognition/itmalpha.bst
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@inproceedings{conf/icdar/StoffelTR09,
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added-at = {2009-10-13T00:00:00.000+0200},
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author = {Stoffel, Andreas and Tapia, Ernesto and Rojas, Raúl},
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biburl = {http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2e97b8b08492190cf461f7b3dfad48d40/dblp},
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booktitle = {ICDAR},
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crossref = {conf/icdar/2009},
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date = {2009-10-13},
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description = {dblp},
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ee = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICDAR.2009.122},
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interhash = {2e6bf9ca0cdbadf7d4bbb1c8c84a1a11},
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intrahash = {e97b8b08492190cf461f7b3dfad48d40},
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keywords = {dblp},
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pages = {1211-1215},
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publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
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timestamp = {2009-10-13T00:00:00.000+0200},
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title = {Recognition of On-Line Handwritten Commutative Diagrams.},
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url = {http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/icdar/icdar2009.html#StoffelTR09},
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year = 2009
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}
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@proceedings{conf/icdar/2009,
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title = {10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition,
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ICDAR 2009, Barcelona, Spain, 26-29 July 2009},
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booktitle = {ICDAR},
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publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
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year = {2009},
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bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de}
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}
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@misc{bworld,
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author = {Sebastian Deterding},
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title = {{Meaningful Play - Getting "Gamificaiton" Right}\\},
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howpublished = "\url{http://www.slideshare.net/dings/meaningful-play-getting-gamification-right}",
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year = {2011},
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note = "[Online; accessed 10-January-2014]"
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}
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@BOOK{zichermann,
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AUTHOR = {Gabe Zichermann},
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TITLE = {Gamification by Design},
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PUBLISHER = {O'Reilly Media},
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YEAR = {2011},
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Volume = {},
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Series = {},
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Address = {},
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Edition = {},
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Month = {},
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Note = {},
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Key = {}
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}
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@BOOK{impedovo,
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AUTHOR = {Sebastiano Impedovo},
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TITLE = {Fundamentals in handwriting recognition},
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PUBLISHER = {Springer-Verlag},
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YEAR = {1994},
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Volume = {},
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Series = {},
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Address = {},
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Edition = {},
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Month = {},
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Note = {},
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Key = {}
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}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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% conditional for xetex or luatex
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\newif\ifxetexorluatex
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\ifxetex
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\xetexorluatextrue
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\else
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\ifluatex
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\xetexorluatextrue
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\else
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\xetexorluatexfalse
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\fi
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\fi
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%
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\ifxetexorluatex%
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\usepackage{fontspec}
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\usepackage{libertine} % or use \setmainfont to choose any font on your system
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\newfontfamily\quotefont[Ligatures=TeX]{Linux Libertine O} % selects Libertine as the quote font
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\else
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\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
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\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
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\usepackage{libertine} % or any other font package
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\newcommand*\quotefont{\fontfamily{LinuxLibertineT-LF}} % selects Libertine as the quote font
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\fi
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\newcommand*\quotesize{60} % if quote size changes, need a way to make shifts relative
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% Make commands for the quotes
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\newcommand*{\openquote}
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{\tikz[remember picture,overlay,xshift=-4ex,yshift=-2.5ex]
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\node (OQ) {\quotefont\fontsize{\quotesize}{\quotesize}\selectfont``};\kern0pt}
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\newcommand*{\closequote}[1]
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{\tikz[remember picture,overlay,xshift=4ex,yshift={#1}]
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\node (CQ) {\quotefont\fontsize{\quotesize}{\quotesize}\selectfont''};}
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% select a colour for the shading
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\colorlet{shadecolor}{white}
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\newcommand*\shadedauthorformat{\emph} % define format for the author argument
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% Now a command to allow left, right and centre alignment of the author
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\newcommand*\authoralign[1]{%
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\if#1l
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\def\authorfill{}\def\quotefill{\hfill}
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\else
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\if#1r
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\def\authorfill{\hfill}\def\quotefill{}
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\else
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\if#1c
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\gdef\authorfill{\hfill}\def\quotefill{\hfill}
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\else\typeout{Invalid option}
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\fi
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\fi
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\fi}
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% wrap everything in its own environment which takes one argument (author) and one optional argument
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% specifying the alignment [l, r or c]
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%
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\newenvironment{shadequote}[2][l]%
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{\authoralign{#1}
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\ifblank{#2}
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{\def\shadequoteauthor{}\def\yshift{-2ex}\def\quotefill{\hfill}}
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{\def\shadequoteauthor{\par\authorfill\shadedauthorformat{#2}}\def\yshift{2ex}}
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\begin{snugshade}\begin{quote}\openquote}
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{\shadequoteauthor\quotefill\closequote{\yshift}\end{quote}\end{snugshade}}
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