fixed many typos

documents/bachelor-proposal-latex-writing-recognition/bachelor-proposal-latex-writing-recognition.tex

@@ -33,25 +33,25 @@
     \title{Proposal for a Bachelor of Science Thesis:\\Interactive on-line handwriting recognition of mathematical formulae}
     \author{Martin Thoma}
     \maketitle
-\section{The problem backgound}
+\section{The problem background}
     There are people who don't know how to write even
     simple mathematical formulae with \LaTeX{} like
     \[\pi/\alpha=\sum_{n=-\infty}^\infty \frac{\sin^2 (c+n)\alpha}{(c+n)^2}=\int_{-\infty}^\infty \frac{\sin^2 (c+n)\alpha}{(c+n)^2}\, \text{d}n\]
     or who need much time to do so. Currently, there are several online
-    services, programms and apps that help to write mathematical 
+    services, programs and apps that help to write mathematical 
-    formulae, but all programms I know have serious disadvantages:
+    formulae, but all programs I know have serious disadvantages:
     \begin{itemize}
         \item \href{http://detexify.kirelabs.org/classify.html}{detexify.kirelabs.org}
               recognizes \textbf{only symbols},
-        \item the formel editor of LibreOffice Writer 3.6 as showen 
+        \item the formula editor of LibreOffice Writer 3.6 as shown 
               in \Fref{fig:libre-office-3.6} offers some
-              guidiance by grouping common operations while showing
+              guidance by grouping common operations while showing
               a WYSIWYG editor, but it has \textbf{no handwriting recognition}.
               Another drawback is the fact that it is \textbf{not available 
               as an online service}, so you have to install LibreOffice
               which might not be possible on all devices.
         \item The \enquote{Daum Equation Editor} (see \Fref{fig:daum-editor}) is available online
-              and offers guidiance through the creation of equations,
+              and offers guidance through the creation of equations,
               but does not offer handwriting recognition. Although
               it might be OpenSource, the \textbf{source code is difficult to
               find}. This means if you want to improve the recognition,
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
               single symbols.
         \item Wolfram Mathematica seems to be able to do complete
               formula recognition at least for simple formulae (\href{http://reference.wolfram.com/mathematica/tutorial/HandwrittenMathRecognition.html}{source})
-              by using Microsofts \href{http://windows.microsoft.com/en-ph/windows7/use-math-input-panel-to-write-and-correct-math-equations}{Math Input Panel},
+              by using Microsoft's \href{http://windows.microsoft.com/en-ph/windows7/use-math-input-panel-to-write-and-correct-math-equations}{Math Input Panel},
               but this is neither OpenSource nor available as an
               online service. Additionally it is not
               available for Linux systems, so I can't test it.
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
     \begin{figure}[h]
         \centering
         \includegraphics*[width=5cm, keepaspectratio]{figures/libreoffice-writer.png}
-        \caption{LibreOffice Writer 3.6 - Formel Editor}
+        \caption{LibreOffice Writer 3.6 - Formula Editor}
         \label{fig:libre-office-3.6}
     \end{figure}
 
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
               starts recognizing while the user enters a formula.
         \item \textbf{Interactive}: The service offers symbols and constructs
               to the user before the user starts typing. These suggestions
-              might chage depending on what the user has typed before.
+              might change depending on what the user has typed before.
         \item \textbf{OpenSource}: Any license in this list: \href{http://opensource.org/licenses}{http://opensource.org/licenses}
         \item \textbf{Easy to find}: Ideally, the project should have
               an own domain that contains the source code, the service
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
     \end{itemize}
 
     This service should also encourage the users by techniques
-    of \enquote{gamification} to give as much
+    of \enquote{Gamification} to give as much
     meta information about their formulae as possible:
     \begin{itemize}
         \item Which problem domain does the formula belong to, e.~g. \enquote{Euclidean geometry}, \enquote{analysis} or \enquote{calculus}?
@@ -131,8 +131,8 @@ offers on-line, interactive math handwriting recognition. But the
 need of such a software is there.
 
 But there are more reasons why this bachelor's thesis matters:
-Projects like \LaTeX{}, Linux, Apache or FireFox have shown that
+Projects like \LaTeX{}, Linux, Apache or Firefox have shown that
-OpenSoure software can enrich the develpment in specific areas. The
+OpenSource software can enrich the development in specific areas. The
 \enquote{Browser Wars} might be the most famous result of an active
 OpenSource community. Internet Explorer 6 had
 a market share of over 80\% in 2003. Prequels of Firefox and the Mozilla 
@@ -158,14 +158,14 @@ e.~g. a formula spotter for presentations or a math detector for speech.
 \section{Time schedule}
 \begin{itemize}
     \item[70h] Literature research about on-line handwriting recognition 
-               techniques and gamification.
+               techniques and Gamification.
     \item[5h]  Defining browsers and devices that should get supported
                and required client side software like HTML5, CSS 3
                and ECMAScript (better known as JavaScript). Also,
                required input methods like touchscreens and stylus
                should be mentioned.
     \item[20h] Writing use cases. This is includes writing example 
-               formula that the user shoud type and the system should
+               formula that the user should type and the system should
                be able to recognize; finding people with different 
                knowledge of \LaTeX{} and from different fields who 
                want to participate in user tests.
@@ -182,8 +182,8 @@ e.~g. a formula spotter for presentations or a math detector for speech.
                in the thesis, but the improvements will get documented.
     \item[60h] Finding structures and ways how to enter them. Examples
                of structures that can be nested are sums:
-               \begin{verbatim}\sum_{<some structure>}^{<another strcuture>} <a third structure>\end{verbatim}
+               \begin{verbatim}\sum_{<some structure>}^{<another structure>} <a third structure>\end{verbatim}
-               Implement the recognition of those strucutres.
+               Implement the recognition of those structures.
     \item[30h] Observe \enquote{fresh} testers while they try to use
                the system. 
     \item[70h] Improving the software to fix problems that were found
@@ -242,8 +242,8 @@ A first draft of the outline could be like this:
 \bibliography{literatur}
 
 This literature list is only a list that seems to make sense to me
-by now. As I proceed I might find more usefull sources for the different
+by now. As I proceed I might find more useful sources for the different
 topics. So I might add, but also remove elements from this list.
-Especially for gamification I might read documents from
+Especially for Gamification I might read documents from
 \href{http://gamification-research.org/}{gamification-research.org}.
 \end{document}

documents/bachelor-proposal-latex-writing-recognition/bachelor-proposal-latex-writing-recognition.tex.bak

@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+\documentclass[a4paper]{scrartcl}
+\usepackage{amssymb, amsmath} % needed for math
+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} % this is needed for umlauts
+\usepackage[english]{babel} % this is needed for umlauts
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}    % this is needed for correct output of umlauts in pdf
+\usepackage[margin=2.5cm]{geometry} %layout
+\usepackage{hyperref}   % links im text
+\usepackage{color}
+\usepackage{framed}
+\usepackage{enumerate}  % for advanced numbering of lists
+\usepackage{csquotes}
+\usepackage{ifxetex,ifluatex}
+\usepackage{etoolbox}
+\usepackage[svgnames]{xcolor}
+\usepackage{tikz}
+\usepackage{framed}
+\usepackage{parskip}
+\usepackage{cite}
+\usepackage{fancyref}
+\usepackage{mystyle}
+\clubpenalty  = 10000   % Schusterjungen verhindern
+\widowpenalty = 10000   % Hurenkinder verhindern
+
+\hypersetup{ 
+  pdfauthor   = {Martin Thoma}, 
+  pdfkeywords = {Bachelor proposal, LaTeX, handwriting recognition}, 
+  pdftitle    = {Proposal for a Bachelor of Science Thesis:\\Interactive on-line handwriting recognition of mathematical formulae} 
+} 
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\begin{document}
+    \title{Proposal for a Bachelor of Science Thesis:\\Interactive on-line handwriting recognition of mathematical formulae}
+    \author{Martin Thoma}
+    \maketitle
+\section{The problem backgound}
+    There are people who don't know how to write even
+    simple mathematical formulae with \LaTeX{} like
+    \[\pi/\alpha=\sum_{n=-\infty}^\infty \frac{\sin^2 (c+n)\alpha}{(c+n)^2}=\int_{-\infty}^\infty \frac{\sin^2 (c+n)\alpha}{(c+n)^2}\, \text{d}n\]
+    or who need much time to do so. Currently, there are several online
+    services, programms and apps that help to write mathematical 
+    formulae, but all programms I know have serious disadvantages:
+    \begin{itemize}
+        \item \href{http://detexify.kirelabs.org/classify.html}{detexify.kirelabs.org}
+              recognizes \textbf{only symbols},
+        \item the formel editor of LibreOffice Writer 3.6 as showen 
+              in \Fref{fig:libre-office-3.6} offers some
+              guidiance by grouping common operations while showing
+              a WYSIWYG editor, but it has \textbf{no handwriting recognition}.
+              Another drawback is the fact that it is \textbf{not available 
+              as an online service}, so you have to install LibreOffice
+              which might not be possible on all devices.
+        \item The \enquote{Daum Equation Editor} (see \Fref{fig:daum-editor}) is available online
+              and offers guidiance through the creation of equations,
+              but does not offer handwriting recognition. Although
+              it might be OpenSource, the \textbf{source code is difficult to
+              find}. This means if you want to improve the recognition,
+              it is not possible. It also makes use of Adobe Flash 
+              which is not available on many smartphones and tablet
+              computers.
+        \item Maple seems to offer handwritten symbol recognition (\href{http://www.maplesoft.com/products/maple/features/handwritten.aspx}{source}),
+              but on the one hand I was not able to test that, because
+              it is \textbf{not available for free}. On the other hand you 
+              have to install additional software, it seems not to be
+              available for tablet computers and it does only recognize
+              single symbols.
+        \item Wolfram Mathematica seems to be able to do complete
+              formula recognition at least for simple formulae (\href{http://reference.wolfram.com/mathematica/tutorial/HandwrittenMathRecognition.html}{source})
+              by using Microsofts \href{http://windows.microsoft.com/en-ph/windows7/use-math-input-panel-to-write-and-correct-math-equations}{Math Input Panel},
+              but this is neither OpenSource nor available as an
+              online service. Additionally it is not
+              available for Linux systems, so I can't test it.
+    \end{itemize}
+
+    A more comprehensive list can be found at \href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_editor}{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula\_editor}.
+    A problem of some of the projects presented there is that they
+    require the client to execute Java Applets which is a security 
+    risk.
+
+    \begin{figure}[h]
+        \centering
+        \includegraphics*[width=5cm, keepaspectratio]{figures/libreoffice-writer.png}
+        \caption{LibreOffice Writer 3.6 - Formel Editor}
+        \label{fig:libre-office-3.6}
+    \end{figure}
+
+    \begin{figure}[h]
+        \centering
+        \includegraphics*[width=15cm, keepaspectratio]{figures/daum-editor.png}
+        \caption{Daum Equation editor}
+        \label{fig:daum-editor}
+    \end{figure}
+\break
+\section{The problem statement}
+    What I would like to have is an interactive on-line handwriting
+    recognition service, that is available as a web service which makes
+    use of touchscreens. Additionally, it should be for free and 
+    OpenSource, the source code should be easy to find and documented.
+    This means:
+    \begin{itemize}
+        \item \textbf{Service}: The program can be accessed over the web, so
+              that the user does only have to have a modern browser. 
+              As a consequence, the software could be used with any
+              device that has a touch screen.
+        \item \textbf{On-line handwriting recognition}: The service
+              starts recognizing while the user enters a formula.
+        \item \textbf{Interactive}: The service offers symbols and constructs
+              to the user before the user starts typing. These suggestions
+              might chage depending on what the user has typed before.
+        \item \textbf{OpenSource}: Any license in this list: \href{http://opensource.org/licenses}{http://opensource.org/licenses}
+        \item \textbf{Easy to find}: Ideally, the project should have
+              an own domain that contains the source code, the service
+              and documentation. But it might be enough to provide
+              an email address to a developer within the top of
+              of the source code of the delivered HTML document.
+    \end{itemize}
+
+    This service should also encourage the users by techniques
+    of \enquote{gamification} to give as much
+    meta information about their formulae as possible:
+    \begin{itemize}
+        \item Which problem domain does the formula belong to, e.~g. \enquote{Euclidean geometry}, \enquote{analysis} or \enquote{calculus}?
+        \item Does the formula itself have a name, e.~g. \enquote{Pythagorean theorem}, \enquote{Fibonacci numbers} or \enquote{geometric series}?
+    \end{itemize}
+
+    This information should be used to create a formula database.
+
+\section{Significance}
+For me as a Linux user, there no software that I can test and which 
+offers on-line, interactive math handwriting recognition. But the
+need of such a software is there.
+
+But there are more reasons why this bachelor's thesis matters:
+Projects like \LaTeX{}, Linux, Apache or FireFox have shown that
+OpenSoure software can enrich the develpment in specific areas. The
+\enquote{Browser Wars} might be the most famous result of an active
+OpenSource community. Internet Explorer 6 had
+a market share of over 80\% in 2003. Prequels of Firefox and the Mozilla 
+foundation already existed, but Firefox 1.0 was released not until
+November 2004. After that, Firefox and other open browsers added many
+features that Internet Explorer had to compete with, like tabbed browsing,
+HTML4 standard conformance, support of the \texttt{<canvas>} tag and
+speed of HTML rendering and JavaScript execution.\footnote{\href{http://www.evolutionoftheweb.com/}{www.evolutionoftheweb.com} offers a graphical overview. Although supporting standards like HTML4 or CSS~2 is not done with one version, but rather an incremental process.} Some of these
+questions are interesting for science such as many problems related
+to layouts and just-in-time compilation (JIT). With OpenSource software
+that makes it easy to find its source and offers good documentation,
+researchers can simply try their ideas without being blocked by 
+having to try to access the source code.
+
+Additionally, such a project might give researchers more time to
+concentrate on the tasks they really want to do rather than spending
+hours by learning \LaTeX{}.
+
+One last reason why this thesis matters is the formula database that
+gets created by users. This database might be used in follow-up work,
+e.~g. a formula spotter for presentations or a math detector for speech.
+
+\section{Time schedule}
+\begin{itemize}
+    \item[70h] Literature research about on-line handwriting recognition 
+               techniques and gamification.
+    \item[5h]  Defining browsers and devices that should get supported
+               and required client side software like HTML5, CSS 3
+               and ECMAScript (better known as JavaScript). Also,
+               required input methods like touchscreens and stylus
+               should be mentioned.
+    \item[20h] Writing use cases. This is includes writing example 
+               formula that the user shoud type and the system should
+               be able to recognize; finding people with different 
+               knowledge of \LaTeX{} and from different fields who 
+               want to participate in user tests.
+    \item[60h] Implementing the core of the application: Handwriting
+               recognition of digits and symbols by using only
+               HTML, CSS and  on the client side. This includes implementing
+               a way for the user to enter new symbols and to correct the
+               symbol that was suggested by the recognition system.
+    \item[20h] Introduce testers that already know \LaTeX{} to the 
+               current system. At this point, the system does only do
+               symbol recognition. The testers should train it, 
+               insert symbols like $a-z, A-Z, 0-9, \alpha-\omega, A-\Omega, \cdot, \circ, \dots$
+    \item[10h] Get feedback by the users. This feedback will not be included
+               in the thesis, but the improvements will get documented.
+    \item[60h] Finding structures and ways how to enter them. Examples
+               of structures that can be nested are sums:
+               \begin{verbatim}\sum_{<some structure>}^{<another strcuture>} <a third structure>\end{verbatim}
+               Implement the recognition of those strucutres.
+    \item[30h] Observe \enquote{fresh} testers while they try to use
+               the system. 
+    \item[70h] Improving the software to fix problems that were found
+               with user tests
+    \item[50h] Fix bugs, improve code quality and readability as well
+               as documentation.
+    \item[45h] Usability testing: Try Hallway testing. The results
+               of these tests get documented and will be part of the
+               bachelor's thesis. If possible, I would like
+               to let the testers use their own devices.
+    \item[10h] Mentioning open questions and ideas how they could be
+               analyzed with the service that was created.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\section{Outline}
+I have described in which steps I would like to write the software, 
+but almost all points include writing the bachelor's thesis document.
+A first draft of the outline could be like this:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+    \item Introduction
+    \item Definitions
+    \begin{enumerate}
+        \item Hardware: What is available and what is the distribution?
+        \item Software: What is available and what is the distribution?
+        \item Support of standards like HTML, CSS, ECMA-Script, Flash, Cookies, ...
+        \item Choice of hardware, software and standards that should get supported as well as the choice of Libraries and the required server-side software
+        \item Application to the domain of math recognition
+    \end{enumerate}
+    \item On-line handwriting techniques
+    \begin{enumerate}
+        \item Description of techniques in general
+        \item Application to the domain of math recognition
+    \end{enumerate}
+    \item Gamification techniques
+    \begin{enumerate}
+        \item Description of techniques in general
+        \item Application to the domain of math recognition in the web
+    \end{enumerate}
+    \item Software Project
+    \begin{enumerate}
+        \item Structure of the code
+        \item Availability of documentation
+        \item Availability of the service
+    \end{enumerate}
+    \item Summary
+    \begin{enumerate}
+        \item Future Work
+    \end{enumerate}
+\end{enumerate}
+\break
+
+\renewcommand\refname{Related Literature}
+\nocite{*}
+\bibliographystyle{itmalpha}
+\bibliography{literatur}
+
+This literature list is only a list that seems to make sense to me
+by now. As I proceed I might find more usefull sources for the different
+topics. So I might add, but also remove elements from this list.
+Especially for gamification I might read documents from
+\href{http://gamification-research.org/}{gamification-research.org}.
+\end{document}