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LaTeX-examples/documents/mathe-lineare-algebra/mathe-lineare-algebra.tex

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\documentclass[a4paper,9pt]{scrartcl}
\usepackage{amssymb, amsmath} % needed for math
\usepackage{} % needed for math
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} % this is needed for umlauts
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel} % this is needed for umlauts
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % this is needed for correct output of umlauts in pdf
\usepackage[margin=2.5cm]{geometry} %layout
\usepackage{hyperref} % links im text
\usepackage{color}
\usepackage{framed}
\usepackage{enumerate} % for advanced numbering of lists
\clubpenalty = 10000 % Schusterjungen verhindern
\widowpenalty = 10000 % Hurenkinder verhindern
\hypersetup{
pdfauthor = {Martin Thoma},
pdfkeywords = {Lineare Algebra},
pdftitle = {Lineare Algebra - Definitionen}
}
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% Custom definition style, by %
% http://mathoverflow.net/questions/46583/what-is-a-satisfactory-way-to-format-definitions-in-latex/58164#58164
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% Optional continuation label defaults to the first label plus
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% Begin document %
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\begin{document}
\begin{definition}{injektiv, surjektiv und bijektiv}
Sei $f: A \rightarrow B$ eine Abbildung.
\begin{enumerate}[(a)]
\item $f$ heißt \textbf{surjektiv} $:\Leftrightarrow f(A) = B$
\item $f$ heißt \textbf{injektiv} $:\Leftrightarrow \forall x_1, x_2 \in A: x_1 \neq x_2 \Rightarrow f(x_1) \neq f(x_2)$
\item $f$ heißt \textbf{bijektiv} $:\Leftrightarrow f$ ist surjektiv und injektiv
\end{enumerate}
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}{Relation}
Seien A und B Mengen. $R \subseteq A \times B$ heißt \textbf{Relation}.
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}{Ordnungsrelation}
Eine Relation $\leq$ heißt Ordnungsrelation in A und $(A, \leq)$ heißt
(partiell) geordnete Menge, wenn für alle $a, b, c \in A$ gilt:
\begin{description}
\item[O1] $a \leq a$ (reflexiv)
\item[O2] $a \leq b \land b \leq a \Rightarrow a = b$ (antisymmetrisch)
\item[O3] $a \leq b \land b \leq c \Rightarrow a \leq c$ (transitiv)
\end{description}
\noindent $(A, \leq)$ heißt total geordnet $:\Leftrightarrow \forall a, b, \in A: a \leq b \lor b \leq a$
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}{Äquivalenzrelation}
Sei $R \subseteq A \times A$ eine Relation.
R heißt Äquivalenzrelation, wenn für alle $a, b, c \in A$ gilt:
\begin{description}
\item[Ä1] $a R a$ (reflexiv)
\item[Ä2] $a R b \Rightarrow b R a$ (symmetrisch)
\item[Ä3] $a R b \land b R c \Rightarrow a R c$ (transitiv)
\end{description}
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}{Assoziativität}
Sei A eine Menge und $*$ eine Verknüpfung auf A.\\
A heißt \textbf{assoziativ} $:\Leftrightarrow \forall a, b, c \in A: (a * b) * c = a * (b*c)$
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}{Gruppe}
Sei G eine Menge und $*$ eine Verknüpfung auf G.\\
$(G, *)$ heißt \textbf{Gruppe} $: \Leftrightarrow$
\begin{description}
\item[G1] $\forall a, b, c \in G: (a * b)*c=a*(b*c)$ (assoziativ)
\item[G2] $\exists e \in G \forall a \in G: e * a = a = a * e$ (neutrales Element)
\item[G3] $\forall a \in G \exists a^{-1} \in G: a^{-1}*a=e=a*a^{-1}$ (inverses Element)
\end{description}
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}{abelsche Gruppe}
Sei $(G, *)$ eine Gruppe.
$(G, *)$ heißt \textbf{abelsche Gruppe} $: \Leftrightarrow$
\begin{description}
\item[G4] $\forall a, b \in G: a * b = b * a$ (kommutativ)
\end{description}
\end{definition}
\end{document}