diff --git a/src/core/xfa/builder.js b/src/core/xfa/builder.js
index ae30ffed9..aaed18ec8 100644
--- a/src/core/xfa/builder.js
+++ b/src/core/xfa/builder.js
@@ -14,19 +14,37 @@
  */
 
 import { $buildXFAObject, NamespaceIds } from "./namespaces.js";
-import { $cleanup, $onChild, XFAObject } from "./xfa_object.js";
+import {
+  $cleanup,
+  $finalize,
+  $onChild,
+  $resolvePrototypes,
+  XFAObject,
+} from "./xfa_object.js";
 import { NamespaceSetUp } from "./setup.js";
+import { Template } from "./template.js";
 import { UnknownNamespace } from "./unknown.js";
 import { warn } from "../../shared/util.js";
 
+const _ids = Symbol();
+
 class Root extends XFAObject {
-  constructor() {
+  constructor(ids) {
     super(-1, "root", Object.create(null));
     this.element = null;
+    this[_ids] = ids;
   }
 
   [$onChild](child) {
     this.element = child;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  [$finalize]() {
+    super[$finalize]();
+    if (this.element.template instanceof Template) {
+      this.element.template[$resolvePrototypes](this[_ids]);
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -35,7 +53,9 @@ class Empty extends XFAObject {
     super(-1, "", Object.create(null));
   }
 
-  [$onChild](_) {}
+  [$onChild](_) {
+    return false;
+  }
 }
 
 class Builder {
@@ -51,8 +71,8 @@ class Builder {
     this._currentNamespace = new UnknownNamespace(++this._nextNsId);
   }
 
-  buildRoot() {
-    return new Root();
+  buildRoot(ids) {
+    return new Root(ids);
   }
 
   build({ nsPrefix, name, attributes, namespace, prefixes }) {
diff --git a/src/core/xfa/parser.js b/src/core/xfa/parser.js
index 7af2bd27c..d0e492d04 100644
--- a/src/core/xfa/parser.js
+++ b/src/core/xfa/parser.js
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { $clean, $finalize, $onChild, $onText } from "./xfa_object.js";
+import { $clean, $finalize, $onChild, $onText, $setId } from "./xfa_object.js";
 import { XMLParserBase, XMLParserErrorCode } from "../xml_parser.js";
 import { Builder } from "./builder.js";
 import { warn } from "../../shared/util.js";
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ class XFAParser extends XMLParserBase {
     super();
     this._builder = new Builder();
     this._stack = [];
-    this._current = this._builder.buildRoot();
+    this._ids = new Map();
+    this._current = this._builder.buildRoot(this._ids);
     this._errorCode = XMLParserErrorCode.NoError;
     this._whiteRegex = /^\s+$/;
   }
@@ -35,6 +36,8 @@ class XFAParser extends XMLParserBase {
       return undefined;
     }
 
+    this._current[$finalize]();
+
     return this._current.element;
   }
 
@@ -101,7 +104,9 @@ class XFAParser extends XMLParserBase {
     if (isEmpty) {
       // No children: just push the node into its parent.
       node[$finalize]();
-      this._current[$onChild](node);
+      if (this._current[$onChild](node)) {
+        node[$setId](this._ids);
+      }
       node[$clean](this._builder);
       return;
     }
@@ -114,7 +119,9 @@ class XFAParser extends XMLParserBase {
     const node = this._current;
     node[$finalize]();
     this._current = this._stack.pop();
-    this._current[$onChild](node);
+    if (this._current[$onChild](node)) {
+      node[$setId](this._ids);
+    }
     node[$clean](this._builder);
   }
 
diff --git a/src/core/xfa/template.js b/src/core/xfa/template.js
index ed5daedf0..c9808cb03 100644
--- a/src/core/xfa/template.js
+++ b/src/core/xfa/template.js
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import {
   $namespaceId,
   $nodeName,
   $onChild,
+  $setSetAttributes,
   ContentObject,
   Option01,
   OptionObject,
@@ -1071,9 +1072,15 @@ class ExData extends ContentObject {
       child[$namespaceId] === NamespaceIds.xhtml.id
     ) {
       this[$content] = child;
-    } else if (this.contentType === "text/xml") {
-      this[$content] = child;
+      return true;
     }
+
+    if (this.contentType === "text/xml") {
+      this[$content] = child;
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    return false;
   }
 }
 
@@ -2531,9 +2538,10 @@ class Text extends ContentObject {
   [$onChild](child) {
     if (child[$namespaceId] === NamespaceIds.xhtml.id) {
       this[$content] = child;
-    } else {
-      warn(`XFA - Invalid content in Text: ${child[$nodeName]}.`);
+      return true;
     }
+    warn(`XFA - Invalid content in Text: ${child[$nodeName]}.`);
+    return false;
   }
 }
 
@@ -2757,7 +2765,9 @@ class Variables extends XFAObject {
 class TemplateNamespace {
   static [$buildXFAObject](name, attributes) {
     if (TemplateNamespace.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
-      return TemplateNamespace[name](attributes);
+      const node = TemplateNamespace[name](attributes);
+      node[$setSetAttributes](attributes);
+      return node;
     }
     return undefined;
   }
@@ -3215,4 +3225,4 @@ class TemplateNamespace {
   }
 }
 
-export { TemplateNamespace };
+export { Template, TemplateNamespace };
diff --git a/src/core/xfa/xfa_object.js b/src/core/xfa/xfa_object.js
index 0a3bf49ec..918b7d9f4 100644
--- a/src/core/xfa/xfa_object.js
+++ b/src/core/xfa/xfa_object.js
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 
 import { getInteger, getKeyword } from "./utils.js";
 import { shadow, warn } from "../../shared/util.js";
+import { NamespaceIds } from "./namespaces.js";
 
 // We use these symbols to avoid name conflict between tags
 // and properties/methods names.
@@ -31,16 +32,25 @@ const $nodeName = Symbol("nodeName");
 const $onChild = Symbol();
 const $onChildCheck = Symbol();
 const $onText = Symbol();
+const $resolvePrototypes = Symbol();
+const $setId = Symbol();
+const $setSetAttributes = Symbol();
 const $text = Symbol();
 
+const _applyPrototype = Symbol();
 const _attributes = Symbol();
 const _attributeNames = Symbol();
 const _children = Symbol();
+const _clone = Symbol();
+const _cloneAttribute = Symbol();
 const _defaultValue = Symbol();
+const _getPrototype = Symbol();
+const _getUnsetAttributes = Symbol();
 const _hasChildren = Symbol();
 const _max = Symbol();
 const _options = Symbol();
 const _parent = Symbol();
+const _setAttributes = Symbol();
 const _validator = Symbol();
 
 class XFAObject {
@@ -54,23 +64,27 @@ class XFAObject {
 
   [$onChild](child) {
     if (!this[_hasChildren] || !this[$onChildCheck](child)) {
-      return;
+      return false;
     }
 
     const name = child[$nodeName];
     const node = this[name];
+
     if (node instanceof XFAObjectArray) {
       if (node.push(child)) {
         child[_parent] = this;
         this[_children].push(child);
+        return true;
       }
     } else if (node === null) {
       this[name] = child;
       child[_parent] = this;
       this[_children].push(child);
-    } else {
-      warn(`XFA - node "${this[$nodeName]}" accepts only one child: ${name}`);
+      return true;
     }
+
+    warn(`XFA - node "${this[$nodeName]}" has already enough "${name}"!`);
+    return false;
   }
 
   [$onChildCheck](child) {
@@ -80,6 +94,12 @@ class XFAObject {
     );
   }
 
+  [$setId](ids) {
+    if (this.id && this[$namespaceId] === NamespaceIds.template.id) {
+      ids.set(this.id, this);
+    }
+  }
+
   [$onText](_) {}
 
   [$finalize]() {}
@@ -151,6 +171,198 @@ class XFAObject {
 
     return dumped;
   }
+
+  [$setSetAttributes](attributes) {
+    if (attributes.use || attributes.id) {
+      // Just keep set attributes because this node uses a proto or is a proto.
+      this[_setAttributes] = new Set(Object.keys(attributes));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get attribute names which have been set in the proto but not in this.
+   */
+  [_getUnsetAttributes](protoAttributes) {
+    const allAttr = this[_attributeNames];
+    const setAttr = this[_setAttributes];
+    return [...protoAttributes].filter(x => allAttr.has(x) && !setAttr.has(x));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Update the node with properties coming from a prototype and apply
+   * this function recursivly to all children.
+   */
+  [$resolvePrototypes](ids, ancestors = new Set()) {
+    for (const child of this[_children]) {
+      const proto = child[_getPrototype](ids, ancestors);
+      if (proto) {
+        // _applyPrototype will apply $resolvePrototypes with correct ancestors
+        // to avoid infinite loop.
+        child[_applyPrototype](proto, ids, ancestors);
+      } else {
+        child[$resolvePrototypes](ids, ancestors);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  [_getPrototype](ids, ancestors) {
+    const { use } = this;
+    if (use && use.startsWith("#")) {
+      const id = use.slice(1);
+      const proto = ids.get(id);
+      this.use = "";
+      if (!proto) {
+        warn(`XFA - Invalid prototype id: ${id}.`);
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      if (proto[$nodeName] !== this[$nodeName]) {
+        warn(
+          `XFA - Incompatible prototype: ${proto[$nodeName]} !== ${this[$nodeName]}.`
+        );
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      if (ancestors.has(proto)) {
+        // We've a cycle so break it.
+        warn(`XFA - Cycle detected in prototypes use.`);
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      ancestors.add(proto);
+      // The prototype can have a "use" attribute itself.
+      const protoProto = proto[_getPrototype](ids, ancestors);
+      if (!protoProto) {
+        ancestors.delete(proto);
+        return proto;
+      }
+
+      proto[_applyPrototype](protoProto, ids, ancestors);
+      ancestors.delete(proto);
+
+      return proto;
+    }
+    // TODO: handle SOM expressions.
+
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  [_applyPrototype](proto, ids, ancestors) {
+    if (ancestors.has(proto)) {
+      // We've a cycle so break it.
+      warn(`XFA - Cycle detected in prototypes use.`);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (!this[$content] && proto[$content]) {
+      this[$content] = proto[$content];
+    }
+
+    const newAncestors = new Set(ancestors);
+    newAncestors.add(proto);
+
+    for (const unsetAttrName of this[_getUnsetAttributes](
+      proto[_setAttributes]
+    )) {
+      this[unsetAttrName] = proto[unsetAttrName];
+      if (this[_setAttributes]) {
+        this[_setAttributes].add(unsetAttrName);
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (const name of Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this)) {
+      if (this[_attributeNames].has(name)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      const value = this[name];
+      const protoValue = proto[name];
+
+      if (value instanceof XFAObjectArray) {
+        for (const child of value[_children]) {
+          child[$resolvePrototypes](ids, ancestors);
+        }
+
+        for (
+          let i = value[_children].length, ii = protoValue[_children].length;
+          i < ii;
+          i++
+        ) {
+          const child = proto[_children][i][_clone]();
+          if (value.push(child)) {
+            child[_parent] = this;
+            this[_children].push(child);
+            child[$resolvePrototypes](ids, newAncestors);
+          } else {
+            // No need to continue: other nodes will be rejected.
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (value !== null) {
+        value[$resolvePrototypes](ids, ancestors);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (protoValue !== null) {
+        const child = protoValue[_clone]();
+        child[_parent] = this;
+        this[name] = child;
+        this[_children].push(child);
+        child[$resolvePrototypes](ids, newAncestors);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  static [_cloneAttribute](obj) {
+    if (Array.isArray(obj)) {
+      return obj.map(x => XFAObject[_cloneAttribute](x));
+    }
+    if (obj instanceof Object) {
+      return Object.assign({}, obj);
+    }
+    return obj;
+  }
+
+  [_clone]() {
+    const clone = Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(this));
+    for (const $symbol of Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(this)) {
+      try {
+        clone[$symbol] = this[$symbol];
+      } catch (_) {
+        shadow(clone, $symbol, this[$symbol]);
+      }
+    }
+    clone[_children] = [];
+
+    for (const name of Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this)) {
+      if (this[_attributeNames].has(name)) {
+        clone[name] = XFAObject[_cloneAttribute](this[name]);
+        continue;
+      }
+      const value = this[name];
+      if (value instanceof XFAObjectArray) {
+        clone[name] = new XFAObjectArray(value[_max]);
+      } else {
+        clone[name] = null;
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (const child of this[_children]) {
+      const name = child[$nodeName];
+      const clonedChild = child[_clone]();
+      clone[_children].push(clonedChild);
+      clonedChild[_parent] = clone;
+      if (clone[name] === null) {
+        clone[name] = clonedChild;
+      } else {
+        clone[name][_children].push(clonedChild);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return clone;
+  }
 }
 
 class XFAObjectArray {
@@ -180,6 +392,12 @@ class XFAObjectArray {
       ? this[_children][0][$dump]()
       : this[_children].map(x => x[$dump]());
   }
+
+  [_clone]() {
+    const clone = new XFAObjectArray(this[_max]);
+    clone[_children] = this[_children].map(c => c[_clone]());
+    return clone;
+  }
 }
 
 class XmlObject extends XFAObject {
@@ -198,7 +416,9 @@ class XmlObject extends XFAObject {
       this[$content] = "";
       this[_children].push(node);
     }
+    child[_parent] = this;
     this[_children].push(child);
+    return true;
   }
 
   [$onText](str) {
@@ -308,6 +528,9 @@ export {
   $onChild,
   $onChildCheck,
   $onText,
+  $resolvePrototypes,
+  $setId,
+  $setSetAttributes,
   $text,
   ContentObject,
   IntegerObject,
diff --git a/test/unit/xfa_parser_spec.js b/test/unit/xfa_parser_spec.js
index 3257e2903..c5f5f9416 100644
--- a/test/unit/xfa_parser_spec.js
+++ b/test/unit/xfa_parser_spec.js
@@ -248,6 +248,54 @@ describe("XFAParser", function () {
       expect(root[$dump]()).toEqual(expected);
     });
 
+    it("should parse a xfa document and apply some prototypes", function () {
+      const xml = `
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<xdp:xdp xmlns:xdp="http://ns.adobe.com/xdp/">
+  <template xmlns="http://www.xfa.org/schema/xfa-template/3.3">
+    <subform>
+      <proto>
+        <font id="id1" typeface="Foo" size="123pt" weight="bold" posture="italic">
+          <fill>
+            <color value="1,2,3"/>
+          </fill>
+        </font>
+      </proto>
+      <field>
+        <font use="#id1"/>
+      </field>
+      <field>
+        <font use="#id1" size="456pt" weight="bold" posture="normal">
+          <fill>
+            <color value="4,5,6"/>
+          </fill>
+          <extras id="id2"/>
+        </font>
+      </field>
+    </subform>
+  </template>
+</xdp:xdp>
+      `;
+      const root = new XFAParser().parse(xml)[$dump]();
+      let font = root.template.subform.field[0].font;
+      expect(font.typeface).toEqual("Foo");
+      expect(font.overline).toEqual(0);
+      expect(font.size).toEqual({ value: 123, unit: "pt" });
+      expect(font.weight).toEqual("bold");
+      expect(font.posture).toEqual("italic");
+      expect(font.fill.color.value).toEqual({ r: 1, g: 2, b: 3 });
+      expect(font.extras).toEqual(undefined);
+
+      font = root.template.subform.field[1].font;
+      expect(font.typeface).toEqual("Foo");
+      expect(font.overline).toEqual(0);
+      expect(font.size).toEqual({ value: 456, unit: "pt" });
+      expect(font.weight).toEqual("bold");
+      expect(font.posture).toEqual("normal");
+      expect(font.fill.color.value).toEqual({ r: 4, g: 5, b: 6 });
+      expect(font.extras.id).toEqual("id2");
+    });
+
     it("should parse a xfa document with xhtml", function () {
       const xml = `
 <?xml version="1.0"?>
@@ -280,5 +328,92 @@ describe("XFAParser", function () {
         ].join("")
       );
     });
+
+    it("should parse a xfa document and apply some prototypes with cycle", function () {
+      const xml = `
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<xdp:xdp xmlns:xdp="http://ns.adobe.com/xdp/">
+  <template xmlns="http://www.xfa.org/schema/xfa-template/3.3">
+    <subform>
+      <proto>
+        <subform id="id1">
+          <subform use="#id1"/>
+        </subform>
+      </proto>
+    </subform>
+    <subform use="#id1"/>
+  </template>
+</xdp:xdp>
+      `;
+      const root = new XFAParser().parse(xml)[$dump]();
+      const subform = root.template.subform[1];
+
+      expect(subform.id).toEqual("id1");
+      expect(subform.subform.id).toEqual("id1");
+    });
+
+    it("should parse a xfa document and apply some nested prototypes", function () {
+      const xml = `
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<xdp:xdp xmlns:xdp="http://ns.adobe.com/xdp/">
+  <template xmlns="http://www.xfa.org/schema/xfa-template/3.3">
+    <subform>
+      <proto>
+        <color id="RED" value="7, 8, 9"/>
+        <font id="HELV" typeface="helvetica" size="31pt" weight="normal" posture="italic"> </font>
+        <font id="HELV-RED" use="#HELV">
+          <fill>
+            <color use="#RED"/>
+          </fill>
+        </font>
+      </proto>
+      <field>
+        <font use="#HELV-RED"/>
+      </field>
+    </subform>
+  </template>
+</xdp:xdp>
+      `;
+      const root = new XFAParser().parse(xml)[$dump]();
+      const font = root.template.subform.field.font;
+
+      expect(font.typeface).toEqual("helvetica");
+      expect(font.overline).toEqual(0);
+      expect(font.size).toEqual({ value: 31, unit: "pt" });
+      expect(font.weight).toEqual("normal");
+      expect(font.posture).toEqual("italic");
+      expect(font.fill.color.value).toEqual({ r: 7, g: 8, b: 9 });
+    });
+
+    it("should parse a xfa document and apply a prototype with content", function () {
+      const xml = `
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<xdp:xdp xmlns:xdp="http://ns.adobe.com/xdp/">
+  <template xmlns="http://www.xfa.org/schema/xfa-template/3.3">
+    <subform>
+      <proto>
+        <text id="TEXT">default TEXT</text>
+      </proto>
+      <field>
+        <value>
+          <text use="#TEXT"></text>
+        </value>
+      </field>
+      <field>
+        <value>
+          <text use="#TEXT">Overriding text</text>
+        </value>
+      </field>
+    </subform>
+  </template>
+</xdp:xdp>
+      `;
+      const root = new XFAParser().parse(xml)[$dump]();
+      let field = root.template.subform.field[0];
+      expect(field.value.text.$content).toEqual("default TEXT");
+
+      field = root.template.subform.field[1];
+      expect(field.value.text.$content).toEqual("Overriding text");
+    });
   });
 });